The majority of deaths are unintentional drug poisoning deaths, with suicidal drug poisoning and drug poisoning of undetermined intent comprising the majority of the remainder. According to the report, in the U.S., 38,371 deaths were drug abuse related. A drug includes illicit or street drugs (such as heroin or cocaine), as well as legal prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs, alcohol is not included.

Report Highlights
The number of male victims far exceeded females by nearly 2 to 1.
For males, the highest rates were among non-Hispanic blacks or non-Hispanic whites each year.
Drug-induced mortality rate increases were greatest for non-Hispanic whites.
Asians and Pacific Islanders had markedly lower rates than all other groups.
For females, the highest rates were among American Indians and Alaskan Natives, for every year.
The studies of primarily white populations report that drug related overdose death rates are highest among low-income persons.

Trends
According to the report, during the ‘80s and ‘90s, the majority of drug-induced deaths were attributable to illicit drugs (e.g., heroin and cocaine), drug-induced mortality rates were higher among blacks than whites.

This change occurred as prescription drugs, especially prescription opioid painkillers and psycho-therapeutic drugs, were prescribed more widely by physicians. Prescribed drugs eventually supplanted illicit drugs as the leading cause of drug related overdose deaths.

Conclusions
The report concluded that physicians should follow existing guidelines for cautious use of prescription drugs that tend to be misused by patients. Regulations designed to prevent illicit use of prescription drugs need to be strengthened and enforced. Persons who misuse prescription drugs should be identified and receive a referral for substance abuse treatment.

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